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Industrial
Revolution
The Industrial
Revolution has its root in the early nineteenth century and within fifty years
had changed the rural life of Britain forever with the cities attracting people
with work and money. At which point the
population of cities out numbered the rural communities and Britain was the
manufacturing centre of the world. Centred around rivers for power from
waterwheels although steam engines were available the cost and reliability of
water kept it as the main source of energy throughout the century. The most prominent
advance for steam on the country that remains today was the railways. The first
commercial line was opened in 1830 and ran between Liverpool and Manchester,
designed by George Stephenson the inventor of the rocket which was tested on a
stretch of track between Stockton and Darlington. This rapid advance in
speed of travel on numerous lines which ran out from London in all directions
left the roads and stagecoaches empty for almost century till the automobile
brought them back to life. The railways also
gave the rural coal and ore mining industries an increased worldwide market
place, bringing the raw materials in bulk down to the heavy engineering centres
on the rivers. Shipyard sprang up along all major rivers building the
transportation for the raw materials to continue its journey to the
International market. One of the most spectacular of these lines remains today as testimony to Railwaymen of the nineteenth century and runs 72 miles from Carlisle to Settle. Completed in 1876 it climbs over a 1000 feet via 14 tunnels and 20 viaducts as it display spectacular views of the surrounding countryside.
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